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FOR 566: Veterinary Medicines in Soils - Basic Research for Risk Analysis

In the first phase of this research unit, we have been identifying the major mechanisms that control the fate and effects of manure-applied sulfadiazine (SDZ) and difloxacin (DIF) in soil. For this purpose, animals were treated with radiolabelled compounds and the contaminated manure was homogeneously amended to two soil types. The antibiotics changed microbial community structure, functions and resistance gene abundance in soils. However, the effects observed so far lagged behind the maximum bioavailable concentrations. The objective of the second project phase of this research unit is now to test the hypotheses that (i) it is the 4-hydroxy metabolite of sulfadiazine that controls its long-term fate, that (ii) it is the history of manuring and the functional redundancy of microorganisms that controls the effects, that (iii) the disappearance dynamics of antibiotics determines the duration but (iv) additional organic substances enhance the intensity of the observed effects for both antibiotics in soil. A particular focus is laid on the rhizosphere, since this region comprises a hot-spot of microbial abundance and activity in soil. To isolate rhizosphere effects from varying environmental conditions, all studies are first performed in central mesocosm experiments. It is accompanied by a central field experiment where also effects of repeated manure application and functional redundancy to legume-assisted bacteria are investigated. Seven subprojects in the 2nd research phase continue to cover the sections A) Microexposure and Dynamics and B) Microbial toxicity, resistance development and community changes in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. The two project parts are, beside experimental collaborations, closely linked through C), the Integrated Modelling project, which has been involved since the 1st phase and provides the theoretical basis for these experiments.

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Coordinating Institution:

Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) Details of INRES

Work package leader:

Subprojects

Project A1: Fate, metabolism and plant uptake of selected veterinary medicines in the rhizophere

Project A2: Degradation and Residue Dynamics of Veterinary Medicines in Soil-Plant Systems

Project A3: Sequestration of veterinary medicines in soil

Project A4: Transport of veterinary medicines from soils to groundwater

Project B1: Veterinary Medicinal Effects on the Prokaryotic Structural Diversity in Soil Microcompartments - VMMic

Project B2: Effects of Veterinary Medicines on the functional diversity of the microbial biomass in soils

Project B3: Effects of veterinary medicined in manur on the abundance and transfer of bacterial antibiotic resistance genes in soil: importance of the rhizosphere and of repeated manure applications

Project C: Modelling of rhizophere influences on interactions between chemical dynamics and effects of veterinary medicines in soil