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Crop cultivation optimization of winter faba bean growing (Vicia faba L.) (OWAB)
Project
Project code: 2815EPS007
Contract period: 01.08.2018
- 31.12.2020
Budget: 72,732 Euro
Purpose of research: Applied research
Keywords: lant cultivation, crop rotation, intermediate sowing, mixed culture, soil, nutrient turnover, biodiversity, environmental services, post-harvest management
The focus of this project is the optimized cultivation of the winter form of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) which can be used as protein-rich fodder for domestic animals and as substrate, rich in trace elements, for biogas plants. The goal of the project is to develop agronomic procedures that minimize the risk of nitrate pollution of ground water by winter faba bean cultivation during the winter months. Therefore, spring oat (Avena sativa L.) will be used as a catch crop grown after cereals and previously of winter faba bean. The following variants will be proven. Spring oat, as a catch crop, will be established after the harvest of barley. - In the growing oats, winter faba bean will be autumn-sown between the oat rows. Until the oat is dying back, winter faba bean and oat build an intercropping. - Winter faba bean and winter triticale are sown in the growing oat (between the oat rows) as an intercropping. - Winter triticale as a pure stand, sown between the oat rows. - Spring triticale in spring - Spring faba bean in spring - Spring faba bean intercropped with spring triticale in spring Without previous oats as catch crop: - Winter faba bean pure stand - Winter faba bean intercropped with triticale - Winter triticale as a pure stand - Bare fallow As winter faba beans, two new lines are available: 'Augusta', which was selected for grain yield and reduced logging, and the particularly winter hardy line 'Malibo'. The following hypotheses will be tested: 1. Oat, as catch crop, significantly lowers the Nmin value in the soil and reduces the risk of nitrate leaching. 2. Intercropping of winter faba bean and cereals significantly lowers the Nmin value in the soil and thus reduces the risk of nitrate leaching. 3. Biomass of the catch crop oat buffers low temperatures in winter faba bean and therefore reduces mortality of winter faba bean due to low temperatures in winter. 4. Grain yield is higher in winter faba bean than in summer faba bean. One variant of the project is the establishment of an oat catch crop after the cereal harvest in 2018 and 2019, before sowing the winter faba beans. For oat, cultivar Simon is used because of a strong tillering ability. Winter faba bean will be sown in October 2018 and 2019 without additional tillage between the drill rows of the oat. For a while, the winter faba bean are undersown in the oats. The oat dies over winter and the winter faba beans continue to grow undisturbed. If, contrary to expectation, the oats does not die off as a result of a largely frost-free winter, it will be removed with a molding cutter. Two new genotypes are available as winter faba beans: 'Augusta', which was selected for grain yield and improved lodging ability, and the particularly winter hardy 'Malibo'. Another variant of the project involves the sowing of winter faba bean in the mixture with winter triticale, also after oats catch crop. This intercropping will be sown between the oat rows in early October 2018 or 2019 as 'row intercropping' without additional tillage. The required technology for sowing such mixtures in a single crossing is available (Haldrup SB-25 head harvester). To test the importance of winter faba beans, the winter faba bean genotypes are compared with summer faba beans. After oats as catch crop, spring faba beans and a spring faba beans-spring triticale intercropping will be sown in spring. The symbiotic N2 fixation will be estimated using the 'extended difference method'. The references are winter and spring triticale pure stands.
Section overview
Subjects
- Crop Production
- Specialised crops
- Animal nutrition
- Resource management
- Renewable Resources
