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Isolation and characterization of avian influenza H9N2 from mixed respiratory infected chickens in Bangladesh and assessment of mucosal immunization possibilities (AvH-Fellow)
Project
Project code: FLI-IVD-08-HR-0023
Contract period: 01.03.2018
- 29.02.2020
Purpose of research: Inventory & Assessment
Avian influenza (AI) is an important viral disease of poultry caused by type A influenza viruses belonging to the taxonomic viral family Orthomyxoviridae. It is a major cause of acute respiratory tract and systemic diseases and has caused significant disease outbreaks worldwide (WEBSTER et.al.2005) resulting in great economic losses. Clinically, avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are classified into low (LP) and high pathogenic (HP) phenotypes.LPAIV subtype H9N2 is widely spread in poultry and wild birds and can occasionally be isolated from pigs and other mammalian species (YU et al. 2011). They generally caused mild illness and became panzootic in the mid-1980s among various poultry species (KNIPE and HOWLEY 2007).While initially affecting poultry, H9N2 viruses have been sporadically identified in pigs and humans, suggesting zoonotic properties of some of these viruses (in particular descendants of the Asian G1 lineage) which have acquired mutations that increase mammalian receptor specificity (LIN et al. 2000; PEIRIS et al. 2001). Therefore, the potential risk for these viruses to directly cross species barriers and affect human health or following genetic reassortments with mammalian-adapted influenza viruses is of major public health concern. AIV H9N2 of the zoonotic G1 lineage was first isolated in Bangladesh from a sample of a poultry farm collected in September 2006. Thus, AIV H9N2 was circulating in Bangladesh before the first detection of HPAIV H5N1 (PARVIN et al. 2014). In addition to the sporadic spread of H5N1 viruses, H9N2 influenza viruses have been isolated from live bird market as well as from poultry flocks in Bangladesh indicating endemic status (NEGOVETICH et al. 2011; SHANMUGANATHAM et al. 2013; PARVIN et al. 2014). The Bangladeshi G1 viruses also donated internal genes to contemporary circulating HPAIV H5N1 (PARVIN et al. 2014). Human infection with AIV H9N2 was also identified in Bangladesh in 2011 (ICDDR’B 2013). Apart from AI, Newcastle diseases (ND) are highly contagious diseases with high occurrence in poultry worldwide. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) which is also called avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1) is a single stranded, enveloped, negative sense RNA virus belonging to the genus Rubulavirus of subfamily Paramyxovirinaeand family Paramyxoviridiae (BARBEZANGE and JESTIN, 2005). Infectious bronchitis (IB) is another commonly observed disease in poultry caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)which is an enveloped Coronavirus under Coronaviridae family. These infectious diseases seriously impact the health of the poultry industry. Because spread is associated with movement of infected birds or their products, the presence of these viruses is a major economic concern for Bangladesh. Expected output: • Insight into viral infection networks in poultry from Bangladesh • Intimate knowledge on the construction and use of viral vaccines designed for oral immunization purposes • Assessment of practical solutionsforimproved control of H9N2 infections in poultry in Bangladesh Almost 700 samples obtained from poultry in Bangladesh were examined. Multiple infections with avian influenza viruses were detected including highly pathogenic and zoonotic strains such as H5N1 and H7N3. A deeper molecular characterization of these and further strains also enabled the detection of avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 viruses with specific alterations in several genes. These changes were suggestive for increased pathogenicity and zoonotic propensity. Examination of samples for further viral co-pathogens yielded gamma-coronaviruses (not identical with COVID-19!) detected for the first time in the country. In summary, the study allowed a widened view of epidemiological patterns of avian influenza virus infection in poultry in Bangladesh. Molecular in-depth characterization of viruses detected also enabled an updating of sensitive diagnostic tools. Results and conclusions were published in several articles in international peer-reviewed scientific journals. Hassan KE, El-Kady MF, El-Sawah AAA, Luttermann C, Parvin R, Shany S, Beer M, Harder T. Respiratory disease due to mixed viral infections in poultry flocks in Egypt between 2017 and 2018: Upsurge of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N8 since 2018. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2019. doi:10.1111/tbed.13281 Parvin R, Begum JA, Chowdhury EH, Islam MR, Beer M, Harder T. Co-subsistence of avian influenza virus subtypes of low and high pathogenicity in Bangladesh: Challenges for diagnosis, risk assessment and control. Sci Rep. 2019; 9: 8306. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44220-4
Section overview
Subjects
- Animal health
- Special animal species
