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Control of stem rust in rye, Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis, by breeding resistant cultivars in Organic Agriculture
Project
Project code: 2810OE077
Contract period: 01.08.2011
- 31.10.2014
Budget: 174,177 Euro
Purpose of research: Applied research
Organic Agriculture (OA) is especially affected by the increasing spread of stem rust in rye, Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis, because there is a lack of resistant cultivars in Germany.
To analyze the virulence situation of rye stem rust 389 single-pustule-isolates (SPI) were established of which 323 were tested with a differential set consisting of 15 lines. The 323 SPI were classified into 226 different pathotypes. Only 56 pathotypes could be found more frequently than one time. Most of the isolates showed a complexity of seven (2011), six (2012) and five (2013). None of the 15 differential lines reacted fully resistant. With a Simpson value of 0.99 German stem rust populations showed a maximal genetic diversity. The isolate set developed within the project covers the current spectrum of virulences and will be used in future to assess the effectiveness of stem rust resistances. The emergence of new virulences in the stem rust population will be recognized in time and economic damage will be prevented with the rye differential set.
Up to 70 rye populations were cultivated under organic conditions at five field sites per year together with self-fertile rye materials to determine the level of adult-plant resistance. The inoculum for the artificial inoculations is produced at JKI and the inoculation take place at stage BBCH 37 (May 2013 and May 2014). The cultivars Recrut, Conduct, Amilo, Firmament®, Lichtkornroggen®, Rolipa, and Lautenbacher most commonly used in OA were highly susceptible to stem rust under artificial infection with disease severities of about 50%. After three test years 17 genetic resources from Austria (Tiroler, Oberkärntner, Kärntner), Russia (Hy75/81, Hy2407/87, Talwoskaja 29, Hy9a/86, Talowskija, ZidGetreideicke rane, Instituckie Wcz), USA (Wheeler, Elbon, Wrens Abruzzi, Gator, Alfa), Argentina (Manfredi) with mean infestation levels ≤ 30% are selected and can therefore be provided for new varieties.
The project can be contribute to the practical use of biodiversity in rye and to optimize resistance breeding for OA. Resistant rye cultivars will allow a natural control system of rye stem rust in agreement with the principles of OA.
Section overview
Subjects
- Plant Breeding
- Crop Protection
- Organic Farming
Framework programme
Federal Organic Farming Scheme and other forms of sustainable agriculture (BÖLN)
Funding programme
Excutive institution
Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland (JKI-A)
